Bibcode
                                    
                            Khomenko, E.
    Bibliographical reference
                                    Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Volume 59, Issue 1, article id. 014038 (2017).
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                        1
            
                        2017
            
  Citations
                                    36
                            Refereed citations
                                    33
                            Description
                                    Solar photosphere and chromosphere are composed of weakly ionized plasma
for which collisional coupling decreases with height. This implies a
breakdown of some hypotheses underlying magnetohydrodynamics at low
altitudes and gives rise to non-ideal MHD effects such as ambipolar
diffusion, Hall effect, etc. Recently, there has been progress in
understanding the role of these effects for the dynamics and energetics
of the solar atmosphere. There are evidences that phenomena such as wave
propagation and damping, magnetic reconnection, formation of stable
magnetic field concentrations, magnetic flux emergence, etc can be
affected. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of multi-fluid
MHD modeling of the coupled solar atmosphere.
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