The theory that predicts how the lightest elements formed after the Big Bang has hitherto failed to explain the amount of cosmic lithium. The detection of...

CLUSTERS of galaxies are the largest gravitationally bound systems in the Universe and therefore provide important constraints on the formation and evolution of...

Temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background are a key prediction of cosmological models of structure formation in the early Universe. Ground...

BROWN dwarfs are cool star-like objects that have insufficient mass to maintain stable nuclear fusion in their interiors. Although brown dwarfs are not stars...

Measuring the metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio in exoplanet atmospheres is a fundamental step towards constraining the dominant chemical processes...

The Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b has been the subject of extensive efforts to determine its atmospheric properties using transmission spectroscopy 1-4...

Measuring the abundances of carbon and oxygen in exoplanet atmospheres is considered a crucial avenue for unlocking the formation and evolution of exoplanetary...

Transmission spectroscopy 1-3 of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapour, aerosols and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres 4,5...

Of the 342 planets so far discovered orbiting other stars, 58 `transit' the stellar disk, meaning that they can be detected through a periodic decrease in the...