Here we present a review of the new generation near infrared spectrographs (1 to 5 microns) available in telescopes from 3.5 m to 10 m in diameter. These instruments have in common the new infrared (IR) detectors with a large 1024 x 1024 pixel format, low read-out noise and low dark current both in the 1-2.5 and 1-5 micron range.

Combining observations of spectral lines with different Zeeman sensitivities, it is possible to infer some properties of the small-scale solar magnetic fields. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the diagnostics potential of 14 different spectral lines when used for this purpose. These lines span a broad range of wavelengths from the

We present reflectance spectra of 19 V-type asteroids obtained at the 3.6 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo covering 0.8 to 2.5 μm. For 8 of these asteroids we obtained also visible spectra in the same observational run. The range from 0.8 to 2.5 μm, encompassing the 1 and 2 μm pyroxene features, allows a precise mineralogical characterization of

LIRIS is a near-infrared intermediate resolution spectrograph with added capabilities for multi-slit, imaging, coronography, and polarimetry, developed by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC). It will be a common user instrument for the Cassegrain focus of the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in

ELMER is an optical instrument for the GTC designed to observe between 3650 and 10000 Armstrong. The observing modes for the instrument at Day One shall be: Imaging, Long Slit Spectroscopy, Mask-multi-object spectroscopy, Slit-less multi-object spectroscopy, Fast Photometry and Fast short-slit spectroscopy. It will be installed at the Nasmyth-B

In this article we first give a brief historically based survey of kinematic observations, essentially of rotation curves, of spiral galaxies produced as techniques have advanced and new wavelength ranges have opened up. We then describe the basic inferences from kinematic measurements relevant to galactic structure: the rotational velocity and the