Long-term Variation of Solar Activity by a Dynamo Based on Magnetic Flux Tubes
We show that cyclic activity and Maunder-type grand minima can be explained by a dynamo driven by the instability of magnetic flux tubes in the overshoot layer at the bottom of the solar convection zone. The combination of a threshold in field strength for dynamo action and random fluctuations due to magnetic fields from the turbulent convection
Schussler, M. et al.
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1997