The cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-mode signal is potentially weaker than the diffuse Galactic foregrounds over most of the sky at any frequency. A common method of separating the CMB from these foregrounds is via pixel-based parametric-model fitting. There are not currently enough all-sky maps to fit anything more than the most simple models

Extreme high-energy-peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are an emerging class of blazars. Their typical two-hump-structured spectral energy distribution (SED) peaks at higher energies with respect to conventional blazars. Multiwavelength (MWL) observations constrain their synchrotron peak in the medium to hard X-ray band. Their gamma-ray SED peaks above

The angular resolution of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) and the excellent sensitivity of GRAVITY have led to the first detection of spatially resolved kinematics of high velocity atomic gas near an accreting super- massive black hole, revealing rotation on sub-parsec scales in the quasar 3C 273 at a distance of 550 Mpc. The

Near-infrared interferometry gives us the opportunity to spatially resolve the circumstellar environment of young stars at sub-astronomical-unit (au) scales, which a standalone telescope could not reach. In particular, the sensitivity of GRAVITY on the VLTI allows us to spatially resolve the CO overtone emission at 2.3 microns. In this article, we

The GRAVITY instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer has led to the first spatially resolved observations of X-ray binaries at scales comparable to the binary orbit, providing unprecedented spatial information on their accretion-ejection mechanisms. In particular, observations of the hypercritical accretor SS433 have revealed a variety

We investigate the clustering and dynamics of nano-sized particles (nano dust) in high-resolution (1024 3) simulations of compressible isothermal hydrodynamic turbulence. It is well established that large grains will decouple from a turbulent gas flow, while small grains will tend to trace the motion of the gas. We demonstrate that nano-sized