In this work, we study the information content learned by a convolutional neural network (CNN) when trained to carry out the inverse mapping between a database of synthetic Ca II intensity spectra and the vertical stratification of the temperature of the atmospheres used to generate such spectra. In particular, we evaluate the ability of the neural

Context. Voids are the most under-dense large-scale regions in the Universe. Galaxies inhabiting voids are one of the keys for understanding the intrinsic processes of galaxy evolution, as external factors such as multiple galaxy mergers or a dense self-collapsing environment are negligible. Aims: We present the first molecular gas mass survey of

Aims: The non-uniform surface temperature distribution of rotating active stars is routinely mapped with the Doppler imaging technique. Inhomogeneities in the surface produce features in high-resolution spectroscopic observations that shift in wavelength because of the Doppler effect, depending on their position on the visible hemisphere. The

The two sources AGC 226178 and NGVS 3543, an extremely faint, clumpy, blue stellar system and a low surface brightness dwarf spheroidal, are adjacent systems in the direction of the Virgo cluster. Both have been studied in detail previously, with it being suggested that they are unrelated normal dwarf galaxies or that NGVS 3543 recently lost its

Context. Clusters of galaxies evolve and accrete mass, mostly from small galaxy systems. Aims: Our aim is to study the velocity field of the galaxy cluster Abell 780, which is known for the powerful radio source Hydra A at its center and where a spectacular X-ray tail associated with the galaxy LEDA 87445 has been discovered. Methods: Our analysis

Using bona-fide black hole (BH) mass estimates from reverberation mapping and the line ratio [Si VI] 1.963$\rm{\mu m}$/Brγ broad as tracer of the AGN ionizing continuum, a novel BH-mass scaling relation of the form log(M BH) = (6.40 ± 0.17) - (1.99 ± 0.37) × log ([Si VI]/Brγ broad), dispersion 0.47 dex, over the BH mass interval, 10 6-10 8 M ⊙ is