Oscillations in sunspot umbrae exhibit remarkable differences between the photosphere and chromosphere. We evaluate two competing scenarios proposed for explaining those observations: a chromospheric resonant cavity and waves traveling from the photosphere to upper atmospheric layers. We have employed numerical simulations to analyze the

Context. An accurate characterization of the known exoplanet population is key to understanding the origin and evolution of planetary systems. Determining true planetary masses through the radial velocity (RV) method is expected to experience a great improvement thanks to the availability of ultra-stable echelle spectrographs. Aims: We took

.The upper atmosphere of HD 209458 b undergoes hydrodynamic escape that is the most atmospheric efficient mass-loss process. Previous works on its characterisation were mainly based on the available Ly-α observations, which provide limited information due to the interstellar medium absorption and the geocoronal emission contamination, and then a

Aims: We present a study of the statistical properties of three velocity dispersion and mass estimators: biweight, gapper, and standard deviation for a small number of galaxies (N gal ≤ 75). Methods: Using a set of 73 numerically simulated galaxy clusters, we first characterised the statistical bias and the variance for each one of the three

The inner main belt asteroid (4) Vesta, with a diameter of about 525 km, is the largest differentiated asteroid showing a basaltic crust [1]. The collisional family of Vesta includes more than 15,000 known members [2] and it is considered the main source of basaltic material. The results found by the Dawn mission support the hypothesis that this

The spectral analysis and data products in Data Release 16 (DR16; 2019 December) from the high-resolution near-infrared Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)-2/Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-IV survey are described. Compared to the previous APOGEE data release (DR14; 2017 July), APOGEE DR16 includes about 200,000 new